{"id":493,"date":"2016-11-16T10:00:14","date_gmt":"2016-11-16T14:00:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/?p=493"},"modified":"2016-11-16T10:21:41","modified_gmt":"2016-11-16T14:21:41","slug":"discoveries-in-the-hargrett-hours-calendar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/discoveries-in-the-hargrett-hours-calendar\/","title":{"rendered":"Discoveries in the Hargrett Hours&#8217; Calendar"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Through our research into the calendar of the Hargrett Books of Hours, we found it bears a striking similarity to the <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/manuscripts.org.uk\/chd.dk\/cals\/th146cal.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Paris Missal<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and other use of Paris calendars; it, however, also contains differences that make us confident it is use of Paris. The similarities between the Paris missal and the Hargrett calendar include similar saints, some exclusive to Paris, and the grading of feast days: our calendar includes not only the name of the saint, but also how many lessons to recite in the day, or if the feast is a double feast, or <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">duplum<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. This type of grading is not often found in books of hours (see figure 3).<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_494\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-494\" style=\"width: 1017px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2016\/11\/harley_april.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-494\" src=\"http:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2016\/11\/harley_april.jpg\" alt=\"Image from the Harley missal\" width=\"1017\" height=\"307\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2016\/11\/harley_april.jpg 1017w, https:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2016\/11\/harley_april-300x91.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2016\/11\/harley_april-768x232.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1017px) 100vw, 1017px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-494\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1: April from the Use of Paris missal, Harley MS 2891. The dedication of the chapel of Paris is written in gold (top line).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Two of the months I transcribed, August and April, provide remarkable and telling instances of matching the Paris Missal and then deviating from it. Transcription itself has been a strangely fluid process as the lists of saints, for the most part, roll into place, but I am far more interested in our text&#8217;s unique deviations as they have provided the avenues for research and the clues that allowed us to close in on the manuscript&#8217;s locality. For example, on the 25th of April, the Hargrett Hours calendar describes the &#8220;Dedicatio ecclesie capelle parisiensis,&#8221; which roughly translates to the dedication of the chapel of Paris. It is no secret that our little book has origins in that city, but, according to the manuscript details that accompany Harley MS 2891, yet another Paris Missal, this is one of many &#8220;feasts specific to the Sainte-Chapelle,&#8221; a fact that nudges us in the direction of our text\u2019s basic provenance<sup>1<\/sup>. The month of August offers additional information in this vein, filling in the original missal&#8217;s blank space on the fourth of the month with two crowded lines of text that rupture the calendar&#8217;s progression and give instructions regarding the Feast of the Holy Cross, yet another defining feature of Sainte-Chapelle. And while all of this is well and good, &#8220;strange&#8221; saints like Signi (April 16, September 17) and Andoman (April 18, September 19) remain untraceable or at the very least obscured, showing up only in our text&#8217;s version of April. Perhaps some particular influence is at play, but, again, the differentiation among the sameness is what prompts us forward. <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sarah Landry<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_495\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-495\" style=\"width: 761px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2016\/11\/st-crucis.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-495\" src=\"http:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2016\/11\/st-crucis.jpg\" alt=\"St. Cruces feast August\" width=\"761\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2016\/11\/st-crucis.jpg 761w, https:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2016\/11\/st-crucis-300x59.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 761px) 100vw, 761px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-495\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 2: August from the Hargrett Hours, Hargrett Library MS 836. The instructions for celebrating the Feast of the Holy Cross cover 2.5 lines.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I am also interested in the instances when the calendar diverts from the Paris Missal, particularly the detailed information on moveable feasts, as well as the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">dies mali<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, or unlucky days. The calendar pages of January, February, and March include information at the end of the month on how to calculate moveable feasts and the leap year, but later months have this information integrated into the calendar; Sarah\u2019s entry above describes one such instance in August (figure 2). These elaborate instructions, such as those found in January, describe what to do on days that require 3 lessons and a Mass. These instructions suggest the influence of a calendar designed for religious, as opposed to secular use: \u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nota q(uod) in talib(us) dieb(us) .iii.lc. iii. quib(us) in toto \/ kalendrio signatur misse non fu(er)it exposicio(-) \/ nes d(omini)nicales. nisi causa brevitatis temporis<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">; Observe that in such days (as have) 3 lessons, which in the whole calendar is marked, Mass will not be declared on Sundays, unless occasion of short time (for the lessons).\u201d<sup>2<\/sup> Typical users of books of hours do not need to worry about when or how to say Mass &#8212; they just go to Mass. While it may take years to figure out what this information means, it is certainly important. The <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">dies mali<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> also differ from the Paris Missal and other books of hours, but are certainly not rare. Figure 3 the month of August from a different calendar; though sumptuously illustrated by the Rohan Master or a member of his circle, it includes neither the ecclesiastical information provided by the Hargrett Hours nor the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">dies mali<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">JH Roberts<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_496\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-496\" style=\"width: 214px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2016\/11\/richardson.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-496\" src=\"http:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2016\/11\/richardson-214x300.jpg\" alt=\"August from Richardson\" width=\"214\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2016\/11\/richardson-214x300.jpg 214w, https:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2016\/11\/richardson.jpg 629w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 214px) 100vw, 214px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-496\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">August calendar page from a use of Paris book of hours, MS Richardson 42. Houghton Library, Harvard University, attributed to the Rohan Master or his circle. Calendar includes no feast grading.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">My portion of the calendar project was February, June, and October. These months were largely not particularly interesting, aside from the complete illegibility of June(unless that was just me being sleep deprived and not the scans being bad). However, one line in February piques my interest. On February 19<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">th<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, the line reads \u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Adam hic peccavit,<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201d which translates to \u201cAdam sinned here.\u201d I have found no mention of this phrase in any scholarly essay or ecclesiastic commentary, and this confuses me. It seems as though something as major as the fall from the Garden of Eden should be discussed, or at least mentioned. Despite this, I can only find any record of this line in other manuscripts following the Use of Paris (particularly the Paris Missal), none of which seem to contain any other comments on the line. What is the significance of the choice of February 19<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">th<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">? Other uses such as Sarum use do not contain this mention of Adam, so it is possible that it is somehow connected to the church in Paris specifically. Also of note is the fact that it mentions Adam\u2019s sin, but not Eve\u2019s. Perhaps this is connected to the feminine nature of Books of Hours, but due to the lack of information available, I cannot verify this.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">-Meg Dominey<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_497\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-497\" style=\"width: 695px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2016\/11\/february.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-497\" src=\"http:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2016\/11\/february.jpg\" alt=\"Adam sinned here\" width=\"695\" height=\"142\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2016\/11\/february.jpg 695w, https:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2016\/11\/february-300x61.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 695px) 100vw, 695px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-497\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 4: February from the Hargrett Hours, Hargrett Library MS 836. The text reads \u201cAdam hic peccauit.\u201d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For the months that I was responsible for, I focused on comparing the saints between our calendar and the Paris Missal to see which ones matched up. While there were a handful that did not show up in the Paris Missal, Saint Marthe, (better known as Martha) stood out to me. I did not come across her name or feast day in other Paris calendars, which led me to research her calendar presence and why she would be included in this particular one. \u00a0Her feast day is marked July 29<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">th <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">with the latin abbreviation <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">xpi<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and word <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">hospite<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> after her name. From <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Introduction to Manuscript Studies (93)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, I found <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">xpi <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">stood for Christ while the word <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">hospite <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">takes on the meaning of a host or duties of hospitality.<sup>3<\/sup> Coming from a Christian background, I was familiar with Martha\u2019s role in the Bible and her relationship with Christ, but I did not realize the extent of her sainthood and how it was deemed important enough to be recorded as day in the calendar. \u00a0In researching her saint life, I found that she had welcomed Christ in her home \u201con which occasion he gently reproved her for her complaint that her sister Mary did not help her sufficiently in the necessary preparations\u201d [4]. In this moment, Christ\u2019s aim was to teach her not to be anxious or work her life away, but instead focus and enjoy the present. This story ties the \u201chospite\u201d meaning to her name, while also providing a moral lesson for the reader. Farmer also emphasizes her association with the evangelization of Provence with her sister Mary Magdalene and Lazarus, which proved her to be a \u201cpatron of housewives and lay sisters.\u201d <sup>4<\/sup> These two sources lead me to question if this Book of Hours was made primarily for a female audience or had female ownership. Unfortunately, the answer is not yet clear (more research to come) but I do think that the inclusion of Saint Martha in the calendar calls the reader to remember her as an example of a Christian life for both men and women. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jasmine Paxton<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_498\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-498\" style=\"width: 406px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2016\/11\/martha.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-498\" src=\"http:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2016\/11\/martha.jpg\" alt=\"Marthe virginis\" width=\"406\" height=\"57\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2016\/11\/martha.jpg 406w, https:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2016\/11\/martha-300x42.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 406px) 100vw, 406px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-498\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 5: July 29 from the Hargrett Hours, Hargrett Library MS 836.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Figure 1 comes from 15v of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a use of Paris missal, Harley MS 2891, held at the British Library, and <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/aboutus\/terms\/copyright\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">is available for use under public domain<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Figure 2, 4, and 5 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">comes the Hargrett Hours, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hargrett Library MS 836, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0held at the Hargrett Library at the University of Georgia, folios 8r, 2r and 7v, respectively. Figure 3 is 7r from MS Richardson 42, held at the Houghton Library of Harvard University. \u00a0Used with permission under the<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/osc.hul.harvard.edu\/programs\/open-initiatives\/hl-pd\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Harvard Library Policy on Access to Digital Reproductions of Works in the Public Domain<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Footnotes:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[1] <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Harley_MS_2891\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cHarley MS 2891.\u201d<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> British Library. Accessed 13 November 2016.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[2] \u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">MS 836<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, fol. 1v. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[3] <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Clemens, Raymond, and Timothy Graham. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Introduction to Manuscript Studies<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Ithaca, NY: Cornell U P, 2007. Print. P. 93<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[4] Farmer, David Hugh. The Oxford Dictionary Of Saints. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 13 Nov. 2016. Pp. 332-333<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Through our research into the calendar of the Hargrett Books of Hours, we found it bears a striking similarity to the Paris Missal and other&#8230;<\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/discoveries-in-the-hargrett-hours-calendar\/\">Continue Reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Discoveries in the Hargrett Hours&#8217; Calendar<\/span> <i class=\"fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2341,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,8,11,6,9],"tags":[44,58,7,31,39],"class_list":["post-493","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-graduate","category-hargrett","category-interim","category-student","category-undergraduate","tag-book-of-hours","tag-calendars","tag-hargrett-hours","tag-manuscripts","tag-saints","entry"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p7AbKE-7X","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/493","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2341"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=493"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/493\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=493"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=493"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ctlsites.uga.edu\/hargretthoursproject\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=493"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}